Shang-keng Ma Papers, 1966-1983 (MSS 100)

OFF-SITE STORAGE: COLLECTION STORED OFF-SITE. ALLOW ONE WEEK FOR RETRIEVAL OF MATERIALS.

Extent: 2.8 Linear feet (7 archives boxes)

The papers of Shang-keng Ma (1940-1983) document Professor Ma's professional career at the University of California, San Diego and his standing in the international community of theoretical particle physicists. The papers cover the years 1966-1983 and are restricted to Ma's professional life.

Shang-keng Ma (9/24/40-11/24/83) was born in Chungking, China, and came to the United States in 1959. He earned degrees in physics from the University of California, Berkeley (B.A. 1962 and M.A. 1966). In 1966 Ma joined the University of California, San Diego physics department as an assistant researcher in Keith Brueckner's research group. He was promoted to faculty status in 1967 and remained with the physics department until his death in 1983.

During his career at UCSD, Ma was also a visiting professor at Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study (1968-1969 and 1970), at Cornell University (1972), at the University of California, Berkeley (1973-1974), at CEN Saclay in France, at Tsing Hua University, Taiwan (1977-1978 and 1981), and at IBM - Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York (1981). It was at Cornell that Ma became involved in the work for which he won the greatest acclaim: amplification and extension of Kenneth Wilson's pioneering work in renormalization group theory of critical phenomena. Renormalization group theory (RG) is applicable to many areas within theoretical physics; Ma focused on its applications to critical phenomena.

Critical phenomena are highly unusual. Many substances have phase transitions that are commonly observable, such as the transition of water to steam. Critical phenomena involve phase transitions that, under certain circumstances, exhibit unique characteristics. Water, for example, can appear as a milky and turgid substance, given the presence of specific values of critical exponents. Five critical exponents, or factors, give rise to the diversity of critical phenomena observed by physicists in such areas as fluid and ferromagnetic systems. The study of critical phenomena has focused on determining the quantitative value of these factors. RG is the first theory that has been able to predict quantitative values for each of the critical exponents. Ma's work between 1972 and 1976, which culminated in the publication of his book Modern Theory of Critical Phenomena (1976), provided a much-needed introduction and clarification of the application of renormalization group theory to the study of critical phenomena. During his research at CEN Saclay, Ma developed the Monte Carlo renormalization group technique, combining two previously unrelated techniques into a single tool that is now commonly used in the quantitative study of critical phenomena.

Ma's career reflects a commitment to the importance of pedagogy. He wrote Modern Theory of Critical Phenomena as a textbook for graduate students. Later, Ma set aside his study of critical phenomena in order to write another physics textbook, this time in Chinese. This undertaking reflects Ma's interest in "the development of the Chinese language for use in modern science...." He noted in an application for a Guggenheim grant that the lack of Chinese-language texts seriously limited Chinese students' acquisition of scientific knowledge, reducing science classes to murky discussions of imprecisely understood concepts and rote memorization of formulae. Ma believed that writing a textbook in Chinese would make a dual contribution. It would introduce (old as well as new) terminology that was at once scientifically correct and intelligible in Chinese, and it would introduce new developments in science to the Chinese-speaking world. Surprisingly, Statistical Mechanics, which appeared in English in 1985, does not include discussion of Ma's work on renormalization group theory or critical phenomena. Ma died in La Jolla in 1983.

The Shang-keng Ma Papers are a record of Professor Ma's professional career at the University of California, San Diego and his standing in the international community of theoretical particle physicists.

Covering the years 1966-1983, the collection is arranged in seven series: 1) BIOGRAPHY, 2) ADMINISTRATIVE MATERIALS, 3) CORRESPONDENCE, 4) SUBJECT FILES, 5) NOTES, 6) TEACHING MATERIALS, and 7) PUBLICATIONS.

Container List

BIOGRAPHY

Scope and Content of Series

Series 1) BIOGRAPHY: A single document called "Remembering Shang-keng Ma," a memorial pamphlet containing a brief biography of Ma and remembrances by family members, colleagues and friends from all over the world recognizing his scientific achievements and personal strengths.

Box 1 Folder 1
"Remembering Shang-keng Ma" - Memorial pamphlet, 1983

ADMINISTRATIVE MATERIALS

Scope and Content of Series

Series 2) ADMINISTRATIVE MATERIALS: Ma's bibliographies, departmental biographies and promotions, curriculum vitae, notices of doctoral committee assignments, and interdepartmental memos.

Box 1 Folder 2
Physics Department memos
Box 1 Folder 3
Bibliographies, CV's, promotions

CORRESPONDENCE

Scope and Content of Series

Series 3) CORRESPONDENCE: Early correspondence is sorted by topic into "general" and "research" categories, then arranged chronologically. Ma's practice after 1979 of filing his correspondence together regardless of subject has been maintained.

General correspondence contains Ma's letters to and from researchers and visiting professors he sponsored, colleagues at other universities, and the administrators of his department. In addition, this subseries includes Ma's letters to editors and publishers of scientific journals in his capacity as a referee. Also included are Ma's recommendation of Bernd Matthias for a Nobel Prize in physics and a letter to Ma's congressman protesting the violation of human rights in Israel.

Research correspondence is composed of letters from physicists who followed Ma's research closely and asked him specific questions regarding his calculations and findings. Ma's responses are not included in the collection. Correspondence regarding Ma's articles and books can be found in the PUBLICATIONS SERIES.

Box 1 Folder 4-6
General, 1974 - 1983
Box 1 Folder 7-8
Research, 1973 - 1976

SUBJECT FILES

Scope and Content of Series

Series 4) SUBJECT FILES: Arranged alphabetically by general subject titles. Chinese Issues contains "open letters" to President Nixon and the UCSD student paper protesting the United States' intention to give the Ryukyu Islands off the coast of China to the government of Japan. Also here is a letter widely circulated to faculty members of Chinese descent from the Chinese Students Association in Houston. Grant files contain Ma's records of his Sloan fellowship, the NSF award which funded the writing of Statistical Mechanics in Chinese, and other grant applications and materials. Visiting Professors and Researchers files contain letters and forms inviting and arranging collaboration at UCSD with scientists from other countries, including Pierre Pfeuty, Amnon Aharoney, Yoseph Imry, and Gene Mazenko.

Box 1 Folder 9
Chinese Issues

Grants

Box 1 Folder 10
Sloan Fellowship, 1970 - 1976
Box 2 Folder 1
National Science Foundation, 1979 - 1983
Box 2 Folder 2
Guggenheim Foundation - Proposals, applications
Box 2 Folder 3
Gould Proposal
Box 2 Folder 4
Related materials
Box 2 Folder 5
Sabbaticals, 1972 - 1981

Visiting Professors, Researchers

Box 2 Folder 6
Aharoney, Becker
Box 2 Folder 7
Imry, Mazenko, Pfeuty, Prentiss, Rasolt

NOTES

Scope and Content of Series

Series 5) NOTES: Seven folders of undated note pads containing Ma's calculations.

Box 2 Folder 8-10
Miscellaneous notes, undated
Box 3 Folder 1-4
Miscellaneous notes, undated

TEACHING MATERIALS

Scope and Content of Series

Series 6) TEACHING MATERIALS: Professor Ma's teaching materials originally included numerous mimeographs of quizzes, tests, and homework problems. One copy of each was retained in the collection. Ma taught graduate courses in "Theoretical Mechanics" and "Many-body Theory," and undergraduate courses in "Thermal Physics," Natural Science," and "Science and Technology." His course materials, arranged by class in chronological order, contain tests, homework problems, handouts, some lecture notes, and teaching evaluations completed by his students. One folder contains materials from Ma's sabbatical at Tsing Hua University in Taiwan--an outline for his book, Statistical Mechanics, and course materials he used there.

Box 4 Folder 1
Physics 236 - Many Body Theory, Winter 1970, 1971
Box 4 Folder 2
Physics 224 - Advanced Quantum Mechanics, Spring 1970
Box 4 Folder 3
Physics - Natural Science 2A, Winter 1971
Box 4 Folder 5
Physics 230 - Helium, Fall 1971, Winter 1979
Box 4 Folder 5-6
Physics 200A - Theoretical Mechanics, Fall 1971, 1972
Box 4 Folder 7
Departmental exams, 1971 - 1979
Box 4 Folder 8
Teaching evaluations, 1971 - 1973
Box 4 Folder 9
Physics 200B - Theoretical Mechanics, Winter 1973
Box 4 Folder 10
Physics - Natural Science 2B, Spring 1973
Box 4 Folder 11
Physics - Natural Science 1E/1EL, Spring 1974
Box 4 Folder 12
Physics 140A - Thermal Physics, Fall 1975, 1976
Box 5 Folder 1-4
Science and Technology 15C, 1975
Box 5 Folder 5
Physics 140B - Thermal Physics, Winter 1976
Box 5 Folder 6
National Tsing-Hua University - Visiting Chair, 1977 - 1978
Box 5 Folder 7
Physics 210A - Statistical Mechanics, Winter 1980, 1982
Box 5 Folder 8
Physics 210B - Statistical Mechanics, Winter 1980
Box 5 Folder 9
Physics 211 - Solid State Physics, Winter 1980, 1982
Box 5 Folder 10
Physics 255 - Theoretical Solid State Physics Seminar, Spring 1980
Box 5 Folder 11
Physics 203B - Advanced Classical Electrodynamics, Spring 1982

PUBLICATIONS

Scope and Content of Series

Series 7) PUBLICATIONS. Arranged in two subseries: A) Writings and B) Correspondence.

A) Writings: Ma's doctoral thesis, original manuscripts, two unpublished articles and typescript drafts of his books, Modern Theory of Critical Phenomena and Statistical Mechanics.

B) Correspondence: Reviews of the first book, letters to editors, to referees and to the English translator of Statistical Mechanics. Originally, articles in the PUBLICATIONS series were organized chronologically by title, each folder containing numerous reprints, photocopies, and occasionally, related correspondence. Photocopies and most reprints have been removed from the collection. Original drafts and unpublished articles have been retained. Related correspondence has been consolidated into a few folders except for book-related correspondence, which is kept separate.

Writings

Box 6 Folder 1
Correlations of Photons from a Thermal Source - Thesis, 1966
Box 6 Folder 2
Correlation Energy of an Electron Gas with Varying High Density, 1967
Box 6 Folder 3
Second Sound in a Low Temperature Weakly Interacting Bose Gas, 1971
Box 6 Folder 4
Transverse Waves in a Weakly Interacting Bose Gas, 1972
Box 6 Folder 5
Electron Motion in a Random Potential and Critical Phenomena for n=0, 1973
Box 6 Folder 6
Renormalization in the Large N-Limit, 1973
Box 6 Folder 7
1/n Expansion, 1975
Box 6 Folder 8
Random Field Instability of the Ordered State of Continuous Symmetry, 1975
Box 6 Folder 9
Effects of Random Impurities on Long Range Order, 1978
Box 6 Folder 10
Dynamics of a Vector Spinglass Model Calculation of Entropy by Coincidence Count, 1980
Box 6 Folder 12
Modern Theory of Critical Phenomena - Chapters 1-5, 1976
Box 7 Folder 1-3
Modern Theory of Critical Phenomena - Chapters 6-14, 1976
Box 7 Folder 4
Statistical Mechanics , 1983

Correspondence

Box 7 Folder 5
Mailing list for reprints
Box 7 Folder 6-7
Publications, 1971 - 1982
Box 7 Folder 8
Modern Theory of Critical Phenomena , 1974 - 1980
Box 7 Folder 9
Statistical Mechanics , 1983