Aerosol and Cloud Observations in La Jolla, CA, in May-June 2011 during SOLEDAD (Stratocumulus Observations of Los-Angeles Emissions Derived Aerosol-Droplets)
ACP model
Description | The aerosol cloud parcel model (ACPM) code is included with example files. |
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Description | The aerosol cloud parcel model (ACPM) code is included with example files. |
ACSM
Description | Scripps pier aerosol chemical speciation monitor non-refractory bulk organic, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and chloride mass concentrations. |
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Description | Scripps pier aerosol chemical speciation monitor non-refractory bulk organic, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and chloride mass concentrations. |
AMS
Description | SOLEDAD Aerosol mass spectrometer non-refractory bulk organic, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and chloride mass concentrations. Raw data is included in the rawAMS.zip file. |
Technical Details | These files require ToF-AMS software to analyze. |
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Description | SOLEDAD Aerosol mass spectrometer non-refractory bulk organic, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and chloride mass concentrations. Raw data is included in the rawAMS.zip file. |
Technical Details | These files require ToF-AMS software to analyze. |
APS_Pier
Description | Aerosol particle sizer distributions collected on Scripps pier. |
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Description | Aerosol particle sizer distributions collected on Scripps pier. |
APS_Soledad
Description | Aerosol particle sizer distributions collected Mt. Soledad pier. |
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Description | Aerosol particle sizer distributions collected Mt. Soledad pier. |
CCN_const_Soledad
Description | Cloud condensation nuclei concentrations collected on Mt. Soledad at a supersaturation of 0.325%. |
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Description | Cloud condensation nuclei concentrations collected on Mt. Soledad at a supersaturation of 0.325%. |
CCN_scanning_Soledad
Description | Cloud condensation nuclei concentrations collected on Mt. Soledad scanning supersaturations from 0.10% to 0.65%. |
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Description | Cloud condensation nuclei concentrations collected on Mt. Soledad scanning supersaturations from 0.10% to 0.65%. |
Ceilometer
Description | Cloud base height measurements collected from a ceilometer stationed at Scripps Pier. |
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Description | Cloud base height measurements collected from a ceilometer stationed at Scripps Pier. |
CIMS
Description | Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometery measurements at Scripps pier. |
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Description | Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometery measurements at Scripps pier. |
CVI
Description | Counterflow virtual impactor on and off times during cloud periods. |
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Description | Counterflow virtual impactor on and off times during cloud periods. |
FM
Description | Fog monitor measurements of LWC and CDNC on Mt. Soledad. Distributions are included in the ICARTT file. |
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Description | Fog monitor measurements of LWC and CDNC on Mt. Soledad. Distributions are included in the ICARTT file. |
IC
Description | Ion chromatography measurements collected on Scripps pier. |
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Description | Ion chromatography measurements collected on Scripps pier. |
MET
Description | Temperature, pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and direction are measured on Mt. Soledad. |
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Description | Temperature, pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and direction are measured on Mt. Soledad. |
O3
Description | Ozone measurements collected on Scripps Pier. |
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Description | Ozone measurements collected on Scripps Pier. |
OPS
Description | Optical particle sizer distributions were collected on Mt. Soledad. |
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Description | Optical particle sizer distributions were collected on Mt. Soledad. |
SMPS_pier
Description | Scanning mobility particle sizer distributions collected on Scripps Pier. |
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Description | Scanning mobility particle sizer distributions collected on Scripps Pier. |
SEMS_Soledad
Description | Scanning electron mobility sizer distributions collected on Mt. Soledad. |
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Description | Scanning electron mobility sizer distributions collected on Mt. Soledad. |
SO2
Description | SO2 measurements collected on Scripps Pier. |
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Description | SO2 measurements collected on Scripps Pier. |
SP2_Pier
Description | Single particle soot photometer measurements were collected at Scripps pier. |
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Description | Single particle soot photometer measurements were collected at Scripps pier. |
SP2_Soledad
Description | Single particle soot photometer measurements were collected on Mt. Soledad. |
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Description | Single particle soot photometer measurements were collected on Mt. Soledad. |
UCSD_SP2
Description | The UCSD-SP2 was behind the total inlet for the entire campaign. |
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Description | The UCSD-SP2 was behind the total inlet for the entire campaign. |
CalTech_SP2
Description | The CalTech SP2 started out behind the residual inlet. On May 24th, 2015 the CalTech and EC SP2s were swapped. The raw data is separated as such. |
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Description | The CalTech SP2 started out behind the residual inlet. On May 24th, 2015 the CalTech and EC SP2s were swapped. The raw data is separated as such. |
EC_SP2
Description | The EC-SP2 started out at the pier. On May 24th, 2015 the CalTech and EC SP2s were swapped. The raw data is separated as such. |
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Description | The EC-SP2 started out at the pier. On May 24th, 2015 the CalTech and EC SP2s were swapped. The raw data is separated as such. |
FTIR_Pier
Description | FTIR functional group composition (FGC), FTIR baselined spectra are included and raw spectra (dpt files) are included. Samples were collected at Scripps Pier. |
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Description | FTIR functional group composition (FGC), FTIR baselined spectra are included and raw spectra (dpt files) are included. Samples were collected at Scripps Pier. |
FTIR_Soledad
Description | FTIR functional group composition (FGC), FTIR baselined spectra are included and raw spectra (dpt files) are included. Samples were collected on Mt. Soledad. |
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Description | FTIR functional group composition (FGC), FTIR baselined spectra are included and raw spectra (dpt files) are included. Samples were collected on Mt. Soledad. |
UHSAS
Description | Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer (UHSAS) measurements. |
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Description | Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer (UHSAS) measurements. |
Raw AMS data
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Description | Raw AMS data. |
Technical Details | These files require ToF-AMS software to analyze. |
- Collection
- Cite This Work
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Modini, Robin L.; Sanchez, Kevin J.; Russell, Lynn M.; Zhao, Ran; Lee, Alex; Leaitch, W. Richard; Liggio, John; Schroder, Jason; Macdonald, Anne Marie (2017). Aerosol and Cloud Observations in La Jolla, CA, in May-June 2011 during SOLEDAD (Stratocumulus Observations of Los-Angeles Emissions Derived Aerosol-Droplets). UC San Diego Library Digital Collections. https://doi.org/10.6075/J0TB1534
- Date Collected
- 2012-05-01 to 2012-06-18
- Date Issued
- 2017
- Principal Investigator
- Co Principal Investigators
- Research Team Head
- Researchers
- Methods
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The SOLEDAD campaign consisted of ground-based measurements located near the peak of Mt. Soledad, 251 m above sea level at 1 km from the Pacific coast. Measurements collected for 49 days (1 May to 18 June, 2012) include: particle-cloud partitioning of elemental carbon [Schroder et al., 2014], and salt particle contributions to cloud droplets [Modini et al., 2015]. Measurements on 1 June and 13 June, 2012, of two cloud events contained sufficient observations for characterizing droplet size and composition of the stratocumulus clouds. Chemical composition and aerosol size distribution used to initialize the models were collected inside the instrument container; instruments for cloud measurements were mounted on top. We assumed particle composition was internally mixed and independent of size because size-dependent AMS measurements were below detection limit for the relevant sampling periods and no measurements of bulk mixing state were carried out. Two inlets were used to sample ambient aerosols: the high-flow rate isokinetic inlet continuously collected air containing both interstitial aerosols and cloud droplets and a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) was used to sample only cloud droplet residuals [Noone et al., 1988; Schroder et al., 2014]. The CVI inlet for droplet residuals was mounted atop the container and was only used during cloud events. During periods with no clouds, all instruments sampled through the isokinetic inlet. Two single-particle soot photometers (SP2, DMT, Boulder, CO) were used to measure refractory elemental carbon: one continuously measured from the isokinetic inlet and the other measured from the residual inlet during cloud events.
The SEMS measured submicrometer particle number size distributions from the total inlet at all times, while a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS Model 3034, TSI, St. Paul, MN) was used on the CVI inlet during cloud periods and on the total inlet during non-cloud periods. Supermicrometer particle size distributions were measured using an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS 3321, TSI Inc., St. Paul, MN, size range 0.5–20 μm) and an Optical Particle Sizer (OPS 3330, TSI Inc., St. Paul, MN, size range 0.3–10 μm). Submicrometer particles were analyzed with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA) to measure non-refractory inorganic (sulfate, ammonium, nitrate, chloride) and organic components [DeCarlo et al., 2006], and refractory sea salt on the residual inlet during cloud events to obtain the chemical composition of cloud droplet residuals, and on the total inlet during non-cloud periods. A fog monitor (FM-100, model 100, DMT, Boulder, CO) was mounted on top of the instrument container to provide cloud in-situ measurements of droplet size and concentration, as well as LWC.
CCN concentrations were measured with two mCCNc counters of the Roberts and Nenes [2005] design. One counter scanned over the supersaturation range 0.1–0.74% every 10 min. The other counter measured CCN concentrations at a constant supersaturation of 0.3%. The counters sampled in parallel from the aerosol inlet during cloud-free periods and from the CVI inlet during the in-cloud sampling periods.
Dried submicrometer particles were sampled by the total inlet and collected on 37 mm Teflon filters. The filters were analyzed offline for total organic mass and organic functional group concentrations by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy [Russell et al., 2009; Takahama et al., 2013], and inorganic ion concentrations by Ion Chromatography (IC) [Toom-Sauntry and Barrie, 2002]. No filter samples were collected behind the CVI inlet due to the limited flow rate available.
A secondary SOLEDAD field site was located in an enclosure at the end of Scripps Pier at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (inlet height 13 m asl). The straight-line distance to the elevated field site on Mount Soledad is 3 km. Dry aerosol particle size distributions were measured over the diameter range 0.01–20 μm with a custom-built scanning DMA consisting of a TSI 3081 long column and TSI model 3010 CPC, and another Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS 0.5–20 μm Dp; TSI, Shoreview, Minnesota, model 3321). Also, an Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer (UHSAS, DMT, Boulder, CO, 0.06-1 μm) measured aerosol size at the Pier. SP2 (DMT, Boulder, CO) measurements and FTIR samples were also collected at Scripps Pier. Dried submicrometer particles were collected on 37 mm Teflon filters, and inorganic ion concentrations were measured offline by IC. A ceilometer (Model CL31, Vaisala) was used to measure cloud base height on Scripps Pier. On the pier an aerosol chemical speciation model (ACSM, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA) was used to collect non-refractory organic, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and chloride. Gas analyzers for Ozone (O3, Model 49i, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA) and sulfur dioxide (SO2, Model 43i, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA) were deployed on the pier. Finally, measurements were also collected with Acetate Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Acid-CIMS, [Zhao et al. 2014]) to investigate partitioning of HNCO to clouds and fogs. - Technical Details
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Reading data in ICARTT Format (.ict files):
Dates and times in file names are in UTC. The date and time in the file name give the date/time at which the data within the file begin. For more information on reading and understanding the data in ICARTT format visit:
http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/etc/IcarttDataFormat.htm
If you are using Igor Pro, you should be able to use this software to read the files:
http://cires1.colorado.edu/jimenez-group/wiki/index.php/Analysis_Software#ICARTT
Alternatively, you can open the .ict files directly using the import data tool in excel.
Raw HDF AMS data can be analyzed with SQUIRREL and PIKA, which are available here on AMS wiki site from CU Boulder:
http://cires1.colorado.edu/jimenez-group/ToFAMSResources/ToFSoftware/index.html - Funding
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This work was funded by NSF AGS-1013423, EC Finance ID 1300359.
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- Related Resource
- Sanchez, K. J., et al. (2016), Meteorological and aerosol effects on marine cloud microphysical properties, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 121, 4142–4161. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024595
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- Last Modified
2023-07-31