data y;
  filename y 'yuan92.dat';
  infile y;
  input distnum distmag candid candpar candvot;
  *distmag = district magnitude;
  *candid = candidate id number;
  *candpar = 1 for KMT nominated
           = 2 for KMT approved
           = 3 for KMT member, neither nominated nor approved
           = 4 for DPP nominated
           = 5 for DPP member, not nominated
           = 6 for other;
  *candvot = votes cast for this candidate;
run;
proc sort; by distnum descending candvot; run;
data y; set y; by distnum descending candvot;
  *calculate rank of finish and won/lost dummy variable, wl;
  if first.distnum then do; rank=0; end;
  rank=rank+1; retain rank;
  if rank le distmag then wl=1; else wl=0;
run;