Gollan, Tamar H.; Slattery, Timothy J.; Goldenberg, Diane; van Assche, Eva; Duyck, Wouter; Rayner, Keith (2015). Data from: Frequency drives lexical access in reading but not in speaking: The frequency-lag hypothesis. In Keith Rayner Eye Movements in Reading Data Collection. UC San Diego Library Digital Collections. https://doi.org/10.6075/J05Q4T14

Publication abstract:
To contrast mechanisms of lexical access in production versus comprehension we compared the effects of word frequency (high, low), context (none, low constraint, high constraint), and level of English proficiency (monolingual, Spanish-English bilingual, Dutch-English bilingual) on picture naming, lexical decision, and eye fixation times. Semantic constraint effects were larger in production than in reading. Frequency effects were larger in production than in reading without constraining context but larger in reading than in production with constraining context. Bilingual disadvantages were modulated by frequency in production but not in eye fixation times, were not smaller in low-constraint contexts, and were reduced by high-constraint' contexts only in production and only at the lowest level of English proficiency. These results challenge existing accounts of bilingual disadvantages and reveal fundamentally different processes during lexical access across modalities, entailing a primarily semantically driven search in production but a frequency-driven search in comprehension. The apparently more interactive process in production than comprehension could simply reflect a greater number of frequency-sensitive processing stages in production.

Subject population:
Adults, student, bilingual

This package contains data for one regular reading experiment and one lexical decision experiment (Both included under "Experiment 2" in the manuscript). Data from Experiment 1 are not included because it was a picture naming study, not an eye tracking study. Additionally, data collected at Ghent University (Dutch-English bilinguals) are excluded. Data for the Spanish-English Bilinguals are located in the "Spanish-English Bilinguals” sub-directory and data for the English Monolinguals are located in the "Monolinguals” sub-directory. Within each subject group sub-directory, data from the lexical decision portion are included in the "Lexical Decision" sub-directories and data from the reading portion are included in the "Reading" sub-directories. See the Guide (Related Resource link, below) for details on some of the different types of files and column definitions that are contained in the data collection.

• 2011

• 2015

• Duyck, Wouter
• Goldenberg, Diane
• Gollan, Tamar H.
• Slattery, Timothy J.
• Van Assche, Eva

• Rayner, Keith

Presentation software: EyeTrack_0_7_10h; Font: 14pt Courier New (11 horizontal pixels per character); Viewing distance: 55 cm; Screen resolution: 1280 x 1024; Cut-off for short fixations: 80 ms; Cut-off for long fixations: 2500 ms; Fixations within n characters merged: 1 character; Software used for data processing: TimDrop.pl, EyeDry

NIH HD050287, HD26765, HD051030, Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Research Foundation--Flanders

• Eye movements
• Eye-tracking
• Psychology
• Reading
• Word frequency
• Word predictability

• data

• English

Doi: https://doi.org/10.6075/J05Q4T14

Primary associated publication

• Gollan, T.H., Slattery, T.J., Goldenberg, D., van Assche, E., Duyck, W., & Rayner, K. (2011). Frequency drives lexical access in reading but not in speaking: The frequency-lag hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 140, 186-209. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022256

Software

• EyeDry: https://blogs.umass.edu/eyelab/software/
• Presentation Software: Eyetrack: https://blogs.umass.edu/eyelab/software/
• TimDrop.pl: https://sites.google.com/site/drtimothyjslattery/home/software/

Described by

• Abbott, Matthew J. (2015). Guide to Keith Rayner Eye Movements in Reading Data Collection. In Keith Rayner Eye Movements in Reading Data Collection. UC San Diego Library Digital Collections. https://doi.org/10.6075/J0FF3QPR

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2023-06-01